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El espeto: Cuando las lanzas se tornan cañas

El espeto: Cuando las lanzas se tornan cañas

Autor
16 mayo, 2014
Actualidad, Más leídos, Productos
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Uno de los principales atractivos gastronómicos que ofrece Málaga durante el verano es el de las sardinas asadas a la caña. A propios, visitantes y turistas es preciso decir que es una elaboración típica y exclusivamente malagueña. De los cuatrocientos mil kilómetros de costa habitada que hay en el planeta, sólo en poco más de cien –de Estepona a Nerja, con muy limitada prolongación a poniente de la costa granadina– es posible, entre mayo y octubre, degustar este sin par plato. La pregunta surge  inmediatamente: ¿por qué?, ¿qué tiene Málaga de diferente al  resto del mundo, incluidas, claro está, las costas aledañas del mediterráneo peninsular?

Espetos de sardinas en Vicen Playa (Málaga).

Espetos de sardinas en Vicen Playa (Málaga).

Tres son los factores que nos permiten explicar este milagro gastronómico. El primero, es pura física y causa determinante: la orografía –montaña paralela al mar, a no más de un kilómetro de la playa–, con su régimen de suave brisa. A ello hay que añadir, como segundo elemento, la calidad y el tamaño de la materia prima: la sardina de no más de un jeme (13-16 cm); es decir, las famosas “manolitas”, con su tenue capa de grasa y suave textura de la carne. Y, como tercer factor, la pericia del espetero.

La forma en que se nos presenta este ancestral asado de fortuna es en espeto. La materia que se utiliza inequívocamente como soporte del pez es la caña, muy abundante en el litoral malagueño. Un fragmento en torno a cuarenta centímetros se separa longitudinalmente en dos mitades, cada una de las cuales se afila por ambos extremos: el uno para clavarlo en el balate o montecillo alargado de arena; el otro, más delgado y afinado, para ensartar las sardinas.

Sazonadas y reposadas en sal gorda durante dos horas, se atraviesan desde el lomo al vientre entre seis y ocho unidades, según sea el tamaño de cada una, alineadas en el mismo sentido cabezas y colas para homogeneizar el asado y en sentido perpendicular (sardina y caña). La parte convexa y externa de la media caña ha de ir tangente a la espina central del pescado, para así evitar que las aristas de la cara cóncava rompan su frágil esqueleto y que, perdida la sujeción, aquél acabe cayendo a la arena o al fuego.

De otra parte, la acanaladura del soporte facilita la conducción del calor al interior del pescado y que éste se ase también así por dentro. Significativo es que el dorso que antes se somete a la acción del calor sea aquél que queda exento del contacto con la caña, puesto que, por virtud de la evaporación, pierde ductilidad y se encorva ligeramente. Al darle la vuelta a la caña para que el pescado, apoyándose en ella, se dore por el otro costado, el hábil espetero consigue evitar el riesgo de que la delicada consistencia de la carne se desprenda de la raspa y acabe en las cenizas.

En cuanto a la fuente de calor, la mejor, sin duda, es la leña de olivo. Se dispone a unos veinte centímetros del balate, donde han de ser fijados los espetos. Éstos deben ubicarse levemente inclinados a barlovento –esto es, en la dirección del viento y por ende, de la llama–: en condiciones óptimas, es la  brisa de nuestro mar a la montaña. El terral, en consecuencia, dificulta la práctica de este asado. Entre espeto y llama se genera una cámara de aire caliente, vibrante: la flama. El espeto recibe el calor y no el humo. Se asa, se dora a la flama. Nunca la llama ha de entrar en contacto con el pescado. Tras diez o doce minutos de elaboración, las sardinas ya están listas para degustarlas. Riquísimas.

El espetado se ha extendido a otros pescados.

El espetado se ha extendido a otros pescados.

De un tiempo a esta parte se ha desarrollado esta técnica aplicada a otras especies ictiológicas: jurel, voraz, herrera, pargo, dorada, calamar, etc... La caña, en tal caso, se introduce por la boca, trascurre paralela y asimismo tangente a la espina central o al cálamo, si del cefalópodo se trata. El pescado se reboza en sal fina o media y se le aplica treinta y cinco minutos de fuego. La capa de sal, fundida con la piel y las escamas,  se eliminan al concluir el asado. Exquisito.

horacio lengohoracio lengoEsta singular, primitiva y exclusiva forma de asar sardinas tiene su eco en la cultura gastronómica. El disfrute compartido, colectivo, y hasta multitudinario del consumo de espetos genera una fiesta popular de profunda raigambre en la tradición malagueña: la moraga, donde el sentido festivo, alegre, jocundo, extravertido y meridional alcanza su plenitud. A ello no podían ser ajenos los poetas, desde Salvador Rueda o Ramón A. Urbano, «A pelar la pezuña» (1888) a Manuel Alcántara, para quien -«sombra y níquel la sardina, maná del estío»- en el espeto y su fiesta “las lanzas se tornan cañas”. También la pintura costumbrista –Horacio Lengo, La moraga (1879), Museo del Patrimonio– deja constancia de esta peculiar y milenaria cocina a la intemperie.

El espeto constituye, en suma, la más natural y elemental forma de asar. Es un asado de fortuna que nace perfecto, de insuperable técnica y excelente resultado. El hombre se limita a servir a la naturaleza: orografía, clima, brisa y sabrosura del pez obran el milagro. El espeto es la más rica, jugosa, apetecible, atractiva y deleitosa manera de comer sardinas. Plato auténtico, genuino y exclusivamente malagueño; rotundo tesoro gastronómico de nuestra tierra.

En la conciencia de su exquisitez y de su exclusividad, apresúrese lector amigo,  a disfrutar de los espetos del verano, y que aproveche.

Si te ha interesado este artículo, te recomendamos el libro que sobre el espeto ha escrito el autor. Disponible aquí.


3 Comentarios

  1. german.garcia@100canos.com'

    Germán

    5 julio, 2018, 12:46:20

    Gracias por tu artículo Claro, sincero y directo, un placer leerte.

    1. Javier Almellones

      6 julio, 2018, 14:56:04

      Gracias a ti por seguirnos, Germán.



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__extends(t,e),Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"script",{get:function(){return"!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');fbq('init', '".concat(this.identifier,"');")},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),t.prototype.onPixelEvent=function(e){window.fbq("trackCustom",e)},t.prototype.isLoaded=function(){return!!window.fbq},t}(Provider),Outbrain=function(e){function t(){return null!==e&&e.apply(this,arguments)||this}return __extends(t,e),Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"script",{get:function(){return"!function(_window, _document) {var OB_ADV_ID = '".concat(this.identifier,"';if (_window.obApi) {var toArray = function(object) {return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object];};_window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));return;}var api = _window.obApi = function() {api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);};api.version = '1.1';api.loaded = true;api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;api.queue = [];var tag = _document.createElement('script');tag.async = true;tag.src = '//amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js';tag.type = 'text/javascript';var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);}(window, document);")},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),t.prototype.onPixelEvent=function(e){window.obApi("track",e)},t.prototype.isLoaded=function(){return!!window.obApi},t}(Provider),Revcontent=function(e){function t(){return null!==e&&e.apply(this,arguments)||this}return __extends(t,e),Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"script",{get:function(){return""},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),t.prototype.inject=function(){var e=document.createElement("script");e.src="https://assets.revcontent.com/master/rev.js",document.head.appendChild(e)},t.prototype.onPixelEvent=function(e){window.rev("event",e)},t.prototype.isLoaded=function(){return!!window.rev},t}(Provider),Taboola=function(e){function t(){return null!==e&&e.apply(this,arguments)||this}return __extends(t,e),Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"script",{get:function(){return"window._tfa = window._tfa || [];!function (t, f, a, x) {if (!document.getElementById(x)) {t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);}}(document.createElement('script'),document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],'//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1451879/tfa.js','tb_tfa_script');"},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),t.prototype.onPixelEvent=function(e){window._tfa.push({notify:"event",name:e,id:this.identifier})},t.prototype.isLoaded=function(){return Array.isArray(window._tfa)},t}(Provider),Tiktok=function(e){function t(){return null!==e&&e.apply(this,arguments)||this}return __extends(t,e),Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"script",{get:function(){return'!function (w, d, t) {w.TiktokAnalyticsObject=t;var ttq=w[t]=w[t]||[];ttq.methods=["page","track","identify","instances","debug","on","off","once","ready","alias","group","enableCookie","disableCookie"],ttq.setAndDefer=function(t,e){t[e]=function(){t.push([e].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0)))}};for(var i=0;i=n.blocks.length&&(n.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Failure),n.failureReason="caf_adloadfail_".concat(e)))},this.onTimeout=function(){n.state.script.transitionFromPendingTo(State.TimedOut),n.state.blocks.transitionFromPendingTo(State.TimedOut)},this.blocks=e,this.options=t}return Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"loaded",{get:function(){return this.state.script.loaded},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),e.prototype.waitForBlocks=function(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){var e=this;return __generator(this,(function(t){return[2,new Promise((function(t){var n=function(){if(e.state.blocks.done)t();else{var i=e.blocksLoaded.map((function(e){return e.adsLoaded}));i.includes(!1)||i.length>=e.blocks.length?t():setTimeout(n,50)}};n()}))]}))}))},e.prototype.inject=function(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){var e,t,n=this;return __generator(this,(function(i){switch(i.label){case 0:return i.trys.push([0,3,,4]),[4,injectScriptTags()];case 1:return i.sent()&&void 0!==window.google?(new((t=window.google.ads.domains.Caf).bind.apply(t,__spreadArray([void 0,__assign(__assign({},this.options),{pageLoadedCallback:this.onPageLoaded,adLoadedCallback:this.onBlockLoaded})],this.blocks,!1))),setTimeout(this.onTimeout,TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS),[4,new Promise((function(e){var t=function(){n.state.script.done?e():setTimeout(t,10)};t()}))]):(this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure),[2,void 0]);case 2:return[2,i.sent()];case 3:return e=i.sent(),this.error=e.toString(),[2,void 0];case 4:return[2]}}))}))},e.prototype.toCallbacks=function(){return{adLoadedCallback:this.blocksLoaded.slice(-1)[0],pageLoadedCallback:this.pageLoaded,cafTimedOut:this.state.script.timedOut||this.state.blocks.timedOut,googleAdsFailure:!!this.failureReason}},e.prototype.toContext=function(){var e={cafScriptWasLoaded:this.state.script.loaded,callbacks:this.toCallbacks};return this.error&&(e.js_error={message:this.error}),this.state.script.loaded||(e.zeroClick={reason:"googleAdsFailure"}),e},e.prototype.mockFailedState=function(){this.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Failure),this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure)},e}(),injectScriptTags=function(){return __awaiter(void 0,void 0,void 0,(function(){return __generator(this,(function(e){return[2,new Promise((function(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.type="text/javascript",t.src=SRC,t.addEventListener("load",(function(){return e(!0)})),t.addEventListener("error",(function(){return e(!1)})),document.body.appendChild(t),setTimeout((function(){return e(!1)}),TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS)}))]}))}))},TagManager=function(){function e(e){this.injected=!1,this.identifier=e}return e.prototype.inject=function(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){var e;return __generator(this,(function(t){return this.injected?[2]:this.identifier?("TEST"===this.identifier||((e=document.createElement("script")).setAttribute("src","https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=".concat(this.identifier)),document.head.appendChild(e),this.track(),this.injected=!0),[2]):[2]}))}))},e.prototype.track=function(){this.push("js",new Date),this.push("config",this.identifier)},e.prototype.push=function(e,t){window.dataLayer||(window.dataLayer=[]),window.dataLayer.push([e,t])},e}(),ADS_PARAM="?caf",ADS_TRACKING_URL="_tr",BLOCKS_TYPE="ads",BLOCKS_CONTAINER="rs",Google=function(){function e(e,t,n,i,o){this._blocks=t,this._pageOptions=n,this.uuid=e,this.baseURL=o,this.ads=new Ads(this.blocks,this.pageOptions),this.tagManager=new TagManager(i)}return e.build=function(t,n){var i=t.pageOptions,o=t.preferredLanguage,r=t.blocks,a=t.googleAnalytics,s={};i&&((s=__assign({},i)).hl||(s.hl=o));var c=null==i?void 0:i.resultsPageBaseUrl;return new e(n.uuid,r,s,a,c)},e.prototype.injectTagManager=function(){this.tagManager.inject()},e.prototype.injectAds=function(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){return __generator(this,(function(e){switch(e.label){case 0:return[4,this.ads.inject()];case 1:return e.sent(),[2]}}))}))},e.prototype.waitForBlocks=function(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){return __generator(this,(function(e){return[2,this.ads.waitForBlocks()]}))}))},Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"blocks",{get:function(){var e=this;return(this._blocks||[]).filter((function(t){return e.wantsToServeAds?t.type===BLOCKS_TYPE:t.container===BLOCKS_CONTAINER})).map((function(t){var n=parse(),i=__assign({},t);return i.resultsPageBaseUrl="".concat(e.baseURL).concat(ADS_PARAM,"&").concat(n.toString()),e.wantsToServeAds&&(n.append("click","true"),n.append("session",e.uuid),i.clicktrackUrl="".concat(TRACKING_DOMAIN).concat(ADS_TRACKING_URL,"/?").concat(n.toString())),i}))},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"pageOptions",{get:function(){var e=__assign({},this._pageOptions);return Object.keys(this._pageOptions).forEach((function(t){t.startsWith("bodis")&&delete e[t]})),e},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"cannotLoadAds",{get:function(){return!this.ads.loaded},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"wantsToServeAds",{get:function(){return window.location.search.startsWith(ADS_PARAM)},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"adsMode",{get:function(){return this.ads.loaded&&this.wantsToServeAds},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"adsReady",{get:function(){return this.wantsToServeAds&&!this.cannotLoadAds},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"callbacks",{get:function(){return this.ads.toCallbacks()},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),e.prototype.toContext=function(){return __assign({blocks:this.blocks,pageOptions:this.pageOptions},this.ads.toContext())},e}(),App=function(){function e(){}return e.prototype.main=function(){var e;return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){var t,n,i,o,r,a,s,c;return __generator(this,(function(d){switch(d.label){case 0:return this.parkResponse=decode(),t=this,[4,getFindDomain()];case 1:if(t.findDomainResponse=d.sent(),!this.findDomainResponse)throw new Error("Domain failed to load.");return this.pixels=Pixels.build(this.findDomainResponse),null===(e=this.pixels)||void 0===e||e.listenForEvents(),this.adblock=new Adblock,this.google=Google.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.parkResponse),this.google.injectTagManager(),n=Parking.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.google),Render.prerender(n),i=Promise.all([this.adblock.inject(),this.google.injectAds()]),(o=Failed.cannotPark(this.findDomainResponse))?[4,this.transitionToFailed(o)]:[3,3];case 2:return d.sent(),[2];case 3:return[4,i];case 4:return d.sent(),(r=Disabled.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.adblock.state))?[4,this.transitionToDisabled(r)]:[3,6];case 5:return d.sent(),[2];case 6:return this.eligibleForZeroClick?(a=this,[4,getZeroClick(this.context)]):[3,8];case 7:a.zeroClickResponse=d.sent(),d.label=8;case 8:return(s=Redirect.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.zeroClickResponse,this.google))?[4,this.transitionToRedirect(s)]:[3,10];case 9:return d.sent(),[2];case 10:return(c=Sales.build(this.findDomainResponse))?[4,this.transitionToSales(c)]:[3,12];case 11:return d.sent(),[2];case 12:return(o=Failed.noSponsors(this.google))?[4,this.transitionToFailed(o)]:[3,14];case 13:return d.sent(),[2];case 14:return[4,this.transitionToParking(n)];case 15:return d.sent(),[2]}}))}))},e.prototype.transitionToParking=function(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){return __generator(this,(function(t){switch(t.label){case 0:return this.state=e,Render.template(e),Render.revealPage(),[4,this.google.waitForBlocks()];case 1:return t.sent(),[4,this.track()];case 2:return t.sent(),[2]}}))}))},e.prototype.transitionToRedirect=function(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){var t;return __generator(this,(function(n){switch(n.label){case 0:return this.state=e,t=this.track(),Render.revealPage(),[4,waiter(e.delay,(function(e){return Render.loading(e)}))];case 1:return n.sent(),[4,t];case 2:return n.sent(),window.location.href=e.url,log("➡ Redirecting [".concat(e.url,"]")),[2]}}))}))},e.prototype.transitionToFailed=function(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){return __generator(this,(function(t){switch(t.label){case 0:return this.state=e,Render.message(e.message),Render.revealPage(),[4,this.track()];case 1:return t.sent(),[2]}}))}))},e.prototype.transitionToSales=function(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){return __generator(this,(function(t){switch(t.label){case 0:return this.state=e,e.init(this.context),[4,this.track()];case 1:return t.sent(),[2]}}))}))},e.prototype.transitionToDisabled=function(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){return __generator(this,(function(t){switch(t.label){case 0:return this.state=e,Render.message(e.message),Render.revealPage(),[4,this.track()];case 1:return t.sent(),[2]}}))}))},e.prototype.track=function(){var e;return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){var t;return __generator(this,(function(n){if(!this.state.track)return[2,Promise.resolve()];try{return t=this.state.trackingType,null===(e=this.pixels)||void 0===e||e.dispatchEvent({type:t}),[2,trackVisit({context:this.context,callbacks:this.google.callbacks},t)]}catch(e){return[2,void 0]}return[2]}))}))},Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"eligibleForZeroClick",{get:function(){var e=this.findDomainResponse,t=e.cannotPark,n=e.canZeroClick,i=e.zeroClick,o=this.google.cannotLoadAds;return!!t||(!(!n||!o)||!!(null==i?void 0:i.reason))},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"channel",{get:function(){var e,t,n=this,i=n.adblock,o=n.google.adsMode,r=n.findDomainResponse.reportableChannel,a=(null===(t=null===(e=this.findDomainResponse)||void 0===e?void 0:e.pageOptions)||void 0===t?void 0:t.channel)||"";return i.state===Blocking.ALLOWED&&(a=a.concat(",pid-bodis-gcontrol98")),o&&r&&(a=a.concat(",pid-bodis-gcontrol".concat(r))),a},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"context",{get:function(){var e,t,n,i,o,r=__assign(__assign(__assign(__assign(__assign(__assign(__assign({app_version:APP_VERSION},this.parkResponse),this.findDomainResponse),{pageOptions:null===(e=this.findDomainResponse)||void 0===e?void 0:e.pageOptions,zeroClick:__assign(__assign({},null===(t=this.findDomainResponse)||void 0===t?void 0:t.zeroClick),this.zeroClickResponse)}),null===(n=this.adblock)||void 0===n?void 0:n.toContext()),null===(i=this.google)||void 0===i?void 0:i.toContext()),null===(o=this.state)||void 0===o?void 0:o.toContext()),browserState());return r.pageOptions.channel=this.channel,r},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),e.prototype.init=function(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function(){var e,t;return __generator(this,(function(n){switch(n.label){case 0:n.label=1;case 1:return n.trys.push([1,3,,4]),window.__parkour=this,[4,this.main()];case 2:return n.sent(),[3,4];case 3:return e=n.sent(),console.error("app",e),t=Failed.fromError(e),this.state=t,Render.message(t.message),Render.revealPage(),[3,4];case 4:return[2]}}))}))},e}();(new App).init(),exports.App=App}));